{"id":8751,"date":"2023-10-11T18:15:06","date_gmt":"2023-10-11T15:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/"},"modified":"2023-10-11T18:15:06","modified_gmt":"2023-10-11T15:15:06","slug":"kuzuia-rsv-kwa-watoto-wachanga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/sw\/kuzuia-rsv-kwa-watoto-wachanga\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuzuia RSV kwa Watoto wachanga"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Beyfortus (jina la kawaida: Nirsevimab) iliidhinishwa na Mamlaka ya Chakula na Dawa ya Marekani (FDA) mnamo Julai 17, 2023. Beyfortus ni kingamwili inayofanya kazi kwa muda mrefu iliyobuniwa kuwalinda watoto wachanga na watoto wachanga dhidi ya maambukizi ya virusi vya kupumua kwa papo hapo (RSV) . Kwa madhumuni ya majaribio ya dawa za Beyfortus, "kuhudhuria kwa matibabu" inarejelea maambukizi yoyote ya RSV yanayohitaji kutembelewa na daktari ofisini, huduma ya haraka au hospitali.
RSV ndio sababu ya kawaida ya maambukizo ya mapafu ya chini kwa watoto chini ya mwaka mmoja. Aina hizi za maambukizi ya mapafu ni pamoja na bronkiolitis na\/au nimonia. Ugonjwa wa mkamba mara nyingi huanza na mafua ya pua na kikohozi, lakini unaweza kuwa mbaya zaidi na kujumuisha kasi ya kupumua, kuhema, kupasuka, na kuhitaji kufanya kazi kwa bidii zaidi ili kupumua. Watoto wachanga wako katika hatari ya kupata apnea, ambayo inafafanuliwa kama pause ya muda katika kupumua au kutokuwepo kwa kupumua kwa zaidi ya sekunde 20.<\/p>\n

Kulingana na Vituo vya Kudhibiti na Kuzuia Magonjwa (CDC), RSV husababisha takribani ziara milioni 2.1 za ofisi za daktari zisizo za hospitali kila mwaka kwa watoto chini ya umri wa miaka 5.1<\/sup> pamoja na kulazwa hospitalini 58,000-80,000 kila mwaka katika kikundi hicho cha umri. (1,2,3<\/sup>) Wanaripoti vifo 100-300 kwa watoto walio na umri wa chini ya miaka 5 kutokana na RSV kila mwaka.4<\/sup>
Watoto wachanga na watoto wachanga walio chini ya umri wa miezi sita na wale waliozaliwa kabla ya wakati (kabla ya wiki 35 za ujauzito) wako kwenye hatari kubwa zaidi ya kuwa na maambukizi makali ya kuhitaji kulazwa hospitalini. Maambukizi haya ya RSV kawaida huhitaji ufuatiliaji wa karibu wa kupumua kwa mtoto mdogo. Mtoto mchanga au mtoto aliyelazwa hospitalini anaweza kuhitaji usaidizi wa kupumua, dawa, na usaidizi wa maji kwa mishipa (IV) wakati wa sehemu mbaya zaidi ya ugonjwa.<\/p>\n

Beyfortus iliundwa ili kuzuia maambukizi makali ya RSV kwa watoto wachanga wakati wa msimu wao wa kwanza wa RSV, wakati wako katika hatari kubwa zaidi ya matatizo kutoka kwa virusi. Kulingana na taarifa kwa vyombo vya habari kutoka kwa mtengenezaji, Sanofi: "Usimamizi mmoja wa Beyfortus uliundwa ili kuendana na mwanzo wa msimu wa RSV kwa watoto waliozaliwa kabla ya msimu au wakati wa kuzaliwa kwa wale waliozaliwa wakati wa msimu wa RSV. Katika majaribio ya kimatibabu, Beyfortus alisaidia kuzuia RSV LRTD [ugonjwa wa njia ya chini ya upumuaji] unaohitaji huduma ya matibabu katika makundi yote ya watoto wachanga waliofanyiwa utafiti, ikiwa ni pamoja na wale waliozaliwa wakiwa na afya njema wakati wa muhula, kabla ya muda wao kukamilika au waliozaliwa kabla ya muda wao kukamilika, au walio na hali mahususi za kiafya zinazowafanya kuwa katika hatari ya kupata ugonjwa mbaya wa RSV. Ugonjwa wa RSV unaohitaji matibabu ulijumuisha ofisi ya daktari, huduma ya dharura, kutembelea chumba cha dharura, na kulazwa hospitalini.5<\/sup><\/p>\n

Kamati ya Ushauri ya Mbinu za Chanjo (ACIP) na Chuo cha Madaktari wa Watoto cha Marekani (AAP) sasa zinapendekeza Beyfortus kwa watoto wote walio na umri wa chini ya miezi 8 wakati au kuingia katika msimu wao wa kwanza wa RSV. Serikali ya shirikisho imeingilia kati ili kulipia gharama ya dawa katika mazingira ya nje ya hospitali kwa watoto waliojiandikisha katika Mpango wa Chanjo kwa Watoto (VFC). Mpango wa VFC kwa ujumla husaidia kutoa chanjo kwa watoto ambao walezi wao hawakuweza kumudu vinginevyo. Bima za kibinafsi hazijabainisha ni kiasi gani cha gharama inayodaiwa $415 wanayopanga kulipia.<\/p>\n

Hili huacha hospitali na mbinu za matibabu za kibinafsi ili kuamua jinsi bora ya kusambaza dawa hii, ambayo husababisha wasiwasi kuhusu upatikanaji na usawa. Watoa huduma wanaotoa Beyfortus iliyofunikwa na VFC katika ofisi zao lazima pia waipe wagonjwa walio na bima ya kibinafsi. Hii inamaanisha kulipa popote kutoka kwa maelfu hadi milioni pamoja na dola ili kutoa dawa hii. Gharama ambayo haiwezi kulipwa na hospitali nyingi au mazoezi. Huenda maamuzi yatafanywa katika ngazi ya mtaani kama kumpa Beyfortus au kutompa mtoto yeyote, jambo ambalo litafanya usambazaji kuwa tofauti kabisa na kuwatenga wale walio katika maeneo tajiri zaidi.<\/p>\n

Beyfortus hupunguza hatari ya kuambukizwa RSV ambayo inahitaji matibabu kwa takriban 70-75% ikilinganishwa na placebo.6<\/sup> Licha ya data hii, uchambuzi wa gharama na faida unahitaji kuchukuliwa kwa uzito. Kwa mzazi yeyote aliye na mtoto mgonjwa au aliyelazwa hospitalini aliye na RSV, hakuna gharama ya juu sana kuzuia ugonjwa huo. Hospitali nchi nzima zinakabiliwa na uhaba mkubwa wa fedha, huku upatikanaji wa huduma ukiwa mgumu sana hasa katika maeneo ya vijijini. Mapema mwaka huu, ripoti kutoka Kituo cha Marekebisho ya Ubora wa Huduma ya Afya na Malipo ilionyesha hatari ya hospitali za ziada kufungwa katika siku za usoni: "Zaidi ya hospitali 100 za vijijini zimefungwa katika muongo uliopita, na zaidi ya hospitali 600 za vijijini - zaidi ya 30% ya hospitali zote za vijijini nchini - ziko katika hatari ya kufungwa katika siku za usoni. Hospitali za vijijini ziko hatarini kufungwa kwa sababu zinapoteza pesa za kupeleka huduma kwa wagonjwa. Hapo awali, hospitali nyingi zimepokea ruzuku, mapato ya kodi ya ndani, au ruzuku kutoka kwa biashara zingine ambazo zilifidia hasara hizi, lakini hakuna hakikisho kwamba fedha hizi zitaendelea kupatikana au za kutosha kulipia gharama za juu zaidi ambazo hospitali zinapata. Mamilioni ya watu wanaweza kujeruhiwa moja kwa moja ikiwa hospitali hizi zitafungwa.7<\/sup><\/p>\n

Wakati bima, serikali, na watoa huduma za matibabu wanazingatia mambo haya changamano, msimu wa RSV unakaribia kwa kasi. Kuna uwezekano mkubwa kwamba utekelezaji kamili na upatikanaji wa Beyfortus hautathaminiwa wakati wa msimu ujao wa RSV.<\/p>\n

Kazi Zilizotajwa:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, et al. Mzigo wa maambukizi ya virusi vya kupumua kwa syncytial kwa watoto wadogo. Engl Mpya J Med. 2009;360(6):588\u201398.<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Rha B, Curns AT, Lively JY, et al. Kulazwa Kwa Virusi Vya Kupumua vya Syncytial\u2013Associated Miongoni mwa Watoto Wachanga: 2015\u20132016.Pediatrics. 2020;146(1):e20193611.<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. McLaughlin JM, Khan F, Schmitt HJ, et al. Viwango vya Kulazwa Hospitalini Vinavyohusiana na Virusi vya Syncytial kati ya Watoto wachanga nchini Marekani: Mapitio ya Kitaratibu na Uchambuzi wa Meta. JID. 2022;225(6):1100-1111.<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Hansen CL, Chaves SS, Demont C, Viboud C. Mortality Associated With Influenza na Respiratory Syncytial Virus nchini Marekani, 1999-2018.JAMA Network Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e220527.<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. https:\/\/www.news.sanofi.us\/2023-07-17-FDA-approves-Beyfortus-TM-nirsevimab-alip-to-protect-infants-against-RSV-disease<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. https:\/\/www.beyfortus.com\/hcp\/efficacy-and-safety#Efficacy<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Kuokoa Hospitali za Vijijini - Mgogoro katika Huduma ya Afya Vijijini (chqpr.org)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Chanzo cha matibabu cha kila siku<\/a><\/p>\n

    ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    <\/div>\n

    Beyfortus (jina la kawaida: Nirsevimab) iliidhinishwa na Mamlaka ya Chakula na Dawa ya Marekani (FDA) mnamo Julai 17, 2023. Beyfortus ni kingamwili inayofanya kazi kwa muda mrefu iliyobuniwa kuwalinda watoto wachanga na watoto wachanga dhidi ya maambukizi ya virusi vya kupumua kwa papo hapo (RSV) . Kwa madhumuni ya majaribio ya dawa za Beyfortus, "kuhudhuria kwa matibabu" inarejelea maambukizi yoyote ya RSV yanayohitaji kutembelewa na daktari ofisini, huduma ya haraka au hospitali.
    RSV ndio sababu ya kawaida ya maambukizo ya mapafu ya chini kwa watoto chini ya mwaka mmoja. Aina hizi za maambukizi ya mapafu ni pamoja na bronkiolitis na\/au nimonia. Ugonjwa wa mkamba mara nyingi huanza na mafua ya pua na kikohozi, lakini unaweza kuwa mbaya zaidi na kujumuisha kasi ya kupumua, kuhema, kupasuka, na kuhitaji kufanya kazi kwa bidii zaidi ili kupumua. Watoto wachanga wako katika hatari ya kupata apnea, ambayo inafafanuliwa kama pause ya muda katika kupumua au kutokuwepo kwa kupumua kwa zaidi ya sekunde 20.<\/p>\n

    Kulingana na Vituo vya Kudhibiti na Kuzuia Magonjwa (CDC), RSV husababisha takribani ziara milioni 2.1 za ofisi za daktari zisizo za hospitali kila mwaka kwa watoto chini ya umri wa miaka 5.1<\/sup> pamoja na kulazwa hospitalini 58,000-80,000 kila mwaka katika kikundi hicho cha umri. (1,2,3<\/sup>) Wanaripoti vifo 100-300 kwa watoto walio na umri wa chini ya miaka 5 kutokana na RSV kila mwaka.4<\/sup>
    Watoto wachanga na watoto wachanga walio chini ya umri wa miezi sita na wale waliozaliwa kabla ya wakati (kabla ya wiki 35 za ujauzito) wako kwenye hatari kubwa zaidi ya kuwa na maambukizi makali ya kuhitaji kulazwa hospitalini. Maambukizi haya ya RSV kawaida huhitaji ufuatiliaji wa karibu wa kupumua kwa mtoto mdogo. Mtoto mchanga au mtoto aliyelazwa hospitalini anaweza kuhitaji usaidizi wa kupumua, dawa, na usaidizi wa maji kwa mishipa (IV) wakati wa sehemu mbaya zaidi ya ugonjwa.<\/p>\n

    Beyfortus iliundwa ili kuzuia maambukizi makali ya RSV kwa watoto wachanga wakati wa msimu wao wa kwanza wa RSV, wakati wako katika hatari kubwa zaidi ya matatizo kutoka kwa virusi. Kulingana na taarifa kwa vyombo vya habari kutoka kwa mtengenezaji, Sanofi: "Usimamizi mmoja wa Beyfortus uliundwa ili kuendana na mwanzo wa msimu wa RSV kwa watoto waliozaliwa kabla ya msimu au wakati wa kuzaliwa kwa wale waliozaliwa wakati wa msimu wa RSV. Katika majaribio ya kimatibabu, Beyfortus alisaidia kuzuia RSV LRTD [ugonjwa wa njia ya chini ya upumuaji] unaohitaji huduma ya matibabu katika makundi yote ya watoto wachanga waliofanyiwa utafiti, ikiwa ni pamoja na wale waliozaliwa wakiwa na afya njema wakati wa muhula, kabla ya muda wao kukamilika au waliozaliwa kabla ya muda wao kukamilika, au walio na hali mahususi za kiafya zinazowafanya kuwa katika hatari ya kupata ugonjwa mbaya wa RSV. Ugonjwa wa RSV unaohitaji matibabu ulijumuisha ofisi ya daktari, huduma ya dharura, kutembelea chumba cha dharura, na kulazwa hospitalini.5<\/sup><\/p>\n

    Kamati ya Ushauri ya Mbinu za Chanjo (ACIP) na Chuo cha Madaktari wa Watoto cha Marekani (AAP) sasa zinapendekeza Beyfortus kwa watoto wote walio na umri wa chini ya miezi 8 wakati au kuingia katika msimu wao wa kwanza wa RSV. Serikali ya shirikisho imeingilia kati ili kulipia gharama ya dawa katika mazingira ya nje ya hospitali kwa watoto waliojiandikisha katika Mpango wa Chanjo kwa Watoto (VFC). Mpango wa VFC kwa ujumla husaidia kutoa chanjo kwa watoto ambao walezi wao hawakuweza kumudu vinginevyo. Bima za kibinafsi hazijabainisha ni kiasi gani cha gharama inayodaiwa $415 wanayopanga kulipia.<\/p>\n

    Hili huacha hospitali na mbinu za matibabu za kibinafsi ili kuamua jinsi bora ya kusambaza dawa hii, ambayo husababisha wasiwasi kuhusu upatikanaji na usawa. Watoa huduma wanaotoa Beyfortus iliyofunikwa na VFC katika ofisi zao lazima pia waipe wagonjwa walio na bima ya kibinafsi. Hii inamaanisha kulipa popote kutoka kwa maelfu hadi milioni pamoja na dola ili kutoa dawa hii. Gharama ambayo haiwezi kulipwa na hospitali nyingi au mazoezi. Huenda maamuzi yatafanywa katika ngazi ya mtaani kama kumpa Beyfortus au kutompa mtoto yeyote, jambo ambalo litafanya usambazaji kuwa tofauti kabisa na kuwatenga wale walio katika maeneo tajiri zaidi.<\/p>\n

    Beyfortus hupunguza hatari ya kuambukizwa RSV ambayo inahitaji matibabu kwa takriban 70-75% ikilinganishwa na placebo.6<\/sup> Licha ya data hii, uchambuzi wa gharama na faida unahitaji kuchukuliwa kwa uzito. Kwa mzazi yeyote aliye na mtoto mgonjwa au aliyelazwa hospitalini aliye na RSV, hakuna gharama ya juu sana kuzuia ugonjwa huo. Hospitali nchi nzima zinakabiliwa na uhaba mkubwa wa fedha, huku upatikanaji wa huduma ukiwa mgumu sana hasa katika maeneo ya vijijini. Mapema mwaka huu, ripoti kutoka Kituo cha Marekebisho ya Ubora wa Huduma ya Afya na Malipo ilionyesha hatari ya hospitali za ziada kufungwa katika siku za usoni: "Zaidi ya hospitali 100 za vijijini zimefungwa katika muongo uliopita, na zaidi ya hospitali 600 za vijijini - zaidi ya 30% ya hospitali zote za vijijini nchini - ziko katika hatari ya kufungwa katika siku za usoni. Hospitali za vijijini ziko hatarini kufungwa kwa sababu zinapoteza pesa za kupeleka huduma kwa wagonjwa. Hapo awali, hospitali nyingi zimepokea ruzuku, mapato ya kodi ya ndani, au ruzuku kutoka kwa biashara zingine ambazo zilifidia hasara hizi, lakini hakuna hakikisho kwamba fedha hizi zitaendelea kupatikana au za kutosha kulipia gharama za juu zaidi ambazo hospitali zinapata. Mamilioni ya watu wanaweza kujeruhiwa moja kwa moja ikiwa hospitali hizi zitafungwa.7<\/sup><\/p>\n

    Wakati bima, serikali, na watoa huduma za matibabu wanazingatia mambo haya changamano, msimu wa RSV unakaribia kwa kasi. Kuna uwezekano mkubwa kwamba utekelezaji kamili na upatikanaji wa Beyfortus hautathaminiwa wakati wa msimu ujao wa RSV.<\/p>\n

    Kazi Zilizotajwa:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, et al. Mzigo wa maambukizi ya virusi vya kupumua kwa syncytial kwa watoto wadogo. Engl Mpya J Med. 2009;360(6):588\u201398.<\/a><\/li>\n
    2. Rha B, Curns AT, Lively JY, et al. Kulazwa Kwa Virusi Vya Kupumua vya Syncytial\u2013Associated Miongoni mwa Watoto Wachanga: 2015\u20132016.Pediatrics. 2020;146(1):e20193611.<\/a><\/li>\n
    3. McLaughlin JM, Khan F, Schmitt HJ, et al. Viwango vya Kulazwa Hospitalini Vinavyohusiana na Virusi vya Syncytial kati ya Watoto wachanga nchini Marekani: Mapitio ya Kitaratibu na Uchambuzi wa Meta. JID. 2022;225(6):1100-1111.<\/a><\/li>\n
    4. Hansen CL, Chaves SS, Demont C, Viboud C. Mortality Associated With Influenza na Respiratory Syncytial Virus nchini Marekani, 1999-2018.JAMA Network Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e220527.<\/a><\/li>\n
    5. https:\/\/www.news.sanofi.us\/2023-07-17-FDA-approves-Beyfortus-TM-nirsevimab-alip-to-protect-infants-against-RSV-disease<\/a><\/li>\n
    6. https:\/\/www.beyfortus.com\/hcp\/efficacy-and-safety#Efficacy<\/a><\/li>\n
    7. Kuokoa Hospitali za Vijijini - Mgogoro katika Huduma ya Afya Vijijini (chqpr.org)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8752,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns.png","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nRSV Prevention in Newborns - Urban Care Clinic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/sw\/kuzuia-rsv-kwa-watoto-wachanga\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RSV Prevention in Newborns - Urban Care Clinic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Beyfortus (generic name: Nirsevimab) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on July 17, 2023. Beyfortus is a long-acting monoclonal antibody designed to protect newborns and infants from medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. For the purposes of the Beyfortus drug trials, "medically attended" refers to any RSV infection requiring a doctor's visit in the office, urgent care, or hospital.RSV is the most common cause of lower lung infections in children less than one year of age. These types of lung infections include bronchiolitis and\/or pneumonia. Bronchiolitis often begins with a runny nose and cough, but can worsen to include a faster breathing rate, wheezing, crackles, and needing to work harder to breathe. Infants are at risk for developing apnea, which is defined as a temporary pause in breathing or the absence of breathing for greater than 20 seconds.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), RSV causes approximately 2.1 million non-hospital doctor's office visits each year in children less than 5 years old1 as well as 58,000-80,000 hospitalizations each year in that same age group. (1,2,3) They report 100-300 deaths in children younger than 5 years due to RSV annually.4Newborns and infants less than six months of age and those born prematurely (before 35 weeks gestation) are at the highest risk for having an infection severe enough to require hospitalization. These RSV infections usually require closely monitoring the young child's breathing. The hospitalized infant or child may need breathing support, medications, and intravenous (IV) fluid support during the worst portion of the illness.Beyfortus was created to prevent severe RSV infection in infants during their first RSV season, when they are at the highest risk for complications from the virus. According to a press release from the manufacturer, Sanofi: "The single administration of Beyfortus was developed to correspond with the beginning of the RSV season for babies born prior to the season or at birth for those born during the RSV season. In clinical trials, Beyfortus helped prevent RSV LRTD [lower respiratory tract disease] requiring medical care in all infant populations studied, including those born healthy at term, late preterm or preterm, or with specific health conditions that make them vulnerable to severe RSV disease. RSV disease requiring medical care included physician office, urgent care, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations."5The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) are now recommending Beyfortus to all infants less than 8 months of age during or entering their first RSV season. The federal government has stepped in to cover the medication cost in out-of-hospital settings for children enrolled in the Vaccine for Children (VFC) Program. The VFC Program generally helps provide vaccines to children whose caregivers may not have been otherwise able to afford them. Private insurers have not determined how much of the purported $415 cost they plan to cover.This leaves hospitals and private medical practices to determine how best to deploy this medication, which leads to concerns about access and equity. Providers offering the VFC-covered Beyfortus in their offices must also offer it to patients with private insurance. This means paying out anywhere from thousands to a million plus dollars to offer this medication. A cost that may not be recuperated by most hospitals or practices. The decisions will then likely be made on a local level whether or not to offer Beyfortus to any child, which will render distribution to be variable at best and to exclude those in less affluent areas at worst.Beyfortus reduces the risk of RSV infection that requires medical attention by approximately 70-75% relative to placebo.6 Despite this data, the cost-benefit analysis needs to be taken seriously. For any parent with a sick or hospitalized child with RSV, there is no cost too high to prevent that illness. Hospitals nationwide are facing serious financial constraints, with access to care significantly strained, especially in rural areas. Earlier this year, a report from the Center for Healthcare Quality and Payment Reform highlighted the risk for additional hospitals to close in the near future: "More than 100 rural hospitals have closed over the past decade, and more than 600 additional rural hospitals \u2014 over 30% of all rural hospitals in the country \u2014 are at risk of closing in the near future. Rural hospitals are at risk of closure because they lose money delivering services to patients. In the past, many hospitals have received grants, local tax revenues, or subsidies from other businesses that offset these losses, but there is no guarantee that these funds will continue to be available or sufficient to cover the higher costs hospitals are experiencing. Millions of people could be directly harmed if these hospitals close."7While the insurers, government, and medical providers consider these complex factors, RSV season is rapidly approaching. It is quite likely that the full implementation and availability of Beyfortus will not be appreciated during the upcoming RSV season.Works Cited:Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, et al. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. New Engl J Med. 2009;360(6):588\u201398.Rha B, Curns AT, Lively JY, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus\u2013Associated Hospitalizations Among Young Children: 2015\u20132016.Pediatrics. 2020;146(1):e20193611.McLaughlin JM, Khan F, Schmitt H-J, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus\u2013Associated Hospitalization Rates among US Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JID. 2022;225(6):1100-1111.Hansen CL, Chaves SS, Demont C, Viboud C. Mortality Associated With Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the US, 1999-2018.JAMA Network Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e220527.https:\/\/www.news.sanofi.us\/2023-07-17-FDA-approves-Beyfortus-TM-nirsevimab-alip-to-protect-infants-against-RSV-diseasehttps:\/\/www.beyfortus.com\/hcp\/efficacy-and-safety#EfficacySaving Rural Hospitals - The Crisis in Rural Health Care (chqpr.org)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/sw\/kuzuia-rsv-kwa-watoto-wachanga\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Urban Care Clinic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/urbancarezanzibar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-10-11T15:15:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Urban Care Clinic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Urban Care Clinic\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"dakika 5\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Urban Care Clinic\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/#\/schema\/person\/f286c4d84be896d302aceda3ed7e789c\"},\"headline\":\"RSV Prevention in Newborns\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-10-11T15:15:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/\"},\"wordCount\":942,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Medical Daily\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sw\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/\",\"name\":\"RSV Prevention in Newborns - 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Kliniki ya Huduma ya Mjini","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/sw\/kuzuia-rsv-kwa-watoto-wachanga\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"RSV Prevention in Newborns - Urban Care Clinic","og_description":"Beyfortus (generic name: Nirsevimab) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on July 17, 2023. Beyfortus is a long-acting monoclonal antibody designed to protect newborns and infants from medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. For the purposes of the Beyfortus drug trials, \"medically attended\" refers to any RSV infection requiring a doctor's visit in the office, urgent care, or hospital.RSV is the most common cause of lower lung infections in children less than one year of age. These types of lung infections include bronchiolitis and\/or pneumonia. Bronchiolitis often begins with a runny nose and cough, but can worsen to include a faster breathing rate, wheezing, crackles, and needing to work harder to breathe. Infants are at risk for developing apnea, which is defined as a temporary pause in breathing or the absence of breathing for greater than 20 seconds.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), RSV causes approximately 2.1 million non-hospital doctor's office visits each year in children less than 5 years old1 as well as 58,000-80,000 hospitalizations each year in that same age group. (1,2,3) They report 100-300 deaths in children younger than 5 years due to RSV annually.4Newborns and infants less than six months of age and those born prematurely (before 35 weeks gestation) are at the highest risk for having an infection severe enough to require hospitalization. These RSV infections usually require closely monitoring the young child's breathing. The hospitalized infant or child may need breathing support, medications, and intravenous (IV) fluid support during the worst portion of the illness.Beyfortus was created to prevent severe RSV infection in infants during their first RSV season, when they are at the highest risk for complications from the virus. According to a press release from the manufacturer, Sanofi: \"The single administration of Beyfortus was developed to correspond with the beginning of the RSV season for babies born prior to the season or at birth for those born during the RSV season. In clinical trials, Beyfortus helped prevent RSV LRTD [lower respiratory tract disease] requiring medical care in all infant populations studied, including those born healthy at term, late preterm or preterm, or with specific health conditions that make them vulnerable to severe RSV disease. RSV disease requiring medical care included physician office, urgent care, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations.\"5The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) are now recommending Beyfortus to all infants less than 8 months of age during or entering their first RSV season. The federal government has stepped in to cover the medication cost in out-of-hospital settings for children enrolled in the Vaccine for Children (VFC) Program. The VFC Program generally helps provide vaccines to children whose caregivers may not have been otherwise able to afford them. Private insurers have not determined how much of the purported $415 cost they plan to cover.This leaves hospitals and private medical practices to determine how best to deploy this medication, which leads to concerns about access and equity. Providers offering the VFC-covered Beyfortus in their offices must also offer it to patients with private insurance. This means paying out anywhere from thousands to a million plus dollars to offer this medication. A cost that may not be recuperated by most hospitals or practices. The decisions will then likely be made on a local level whether or not to offer Beyfortus to any child, which will render distribution to be variable at best and to exclude those in less affluent areas at worst.Beyfortus reduces the risk of RSV infection that requires medical attention by approximately 70-75% relative to placebo.6 Despite this data, the cost-benefit analysis needs to be taken seriously. For any parent with a sick or hospitalized child with RSV, there is no cost too high to prevent that illness. Hospitals nationwide are facing serious financial constraints, with access to care significantly strained, especially in rural areas. Earlier this year, a report from the Center for Healthcare Quality and Payment Reform highlighted the risk for additional hospitals to close in the near future: \"More than 100 rural hospitals have closed over the past decade, and more than 600 additional rural hospitals \u2014 over 30% of all rural hospitals in the country \u2014 are at risk of closing in the near future. Rural hospitals are at risk of closure because they lose money delivering services to patients. In the past, many hospitals have received grants, local tax revenues, or subsidies from other businesses that offset these losses, but there is no guarantee that these funds will continue to be available or sufficient to cover the higher costs hospitals are experiencing. Millions of people could be directly harmed if these hospitals close.\"7While the insurers, government, and medical providers consider these complex factors, RSV season is rapidly approaching. It is quite likely that the full implementation and availability of Beyfortus will not be appreciated during the upcoming RSV season.Works Cited:Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, et al. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. New Engl J Med. 2009;360(6):588\u201398.Rha B, Curns AT, Lively JY, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus\u2013Associated Hospitalizations Among Young Children: 2015\u20132016.Pediatrics. 2020;146(1):e20193611.McLaughlin JM, Khan F, Schmitt H-J, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus\u2013Associated Hospitalization Rates among US Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JID. 2022;225(6):1100-1111.Hansen CL, Chaves SS, Demont C, Viboud C. Mortality Associated With Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the US, 1999-2018.JAMA Network Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e220527.https:\/\/www.news.sanofi.us\/2023-07-17-FDA-approves-Beyfortus-TM-nirsevimab-alip-to-protect-infants-against-RSV-diseasehttps:\/\/www.beyfortus.com\/hcp\/efficacy-and-safety#EfficacySaving Rural Hospitals - The Crisis in Rural Health Care (chqpr.org)","og_url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/sw\/kuzuia-rsv-kwa-watoto-wachanga\/","og_site_name":"Urban Care Clinic","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/urbancarezanzibar","article_published_time":"2023-10-11T15:15:06+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Urban Care Clinic","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns.png","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Urban Care Clinic","Est. reading time":"dakika 5"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/"},"author":{"name":"Urban Care Clinic","@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/#\/schema\/person\/f286c4d84be896d302aceda3ed7e789c"},"headline":"RSV Prevention in Newborns","datePublished":"2023-10-11T15:15:06+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/"},"wordCount":942,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns.png","articleSection":["Medical Daily"],"inLanguage":"sw"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/","url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/rsv-prevention-in-newborns\/","name":"Kinga ya RSV kwa Watoto Wachanga - 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