{"id":8612,"date":"2023-08-31T11:13:36","date_gmt":"2023-08-31T08:13:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/"},"modified":"2023-08-31T11:13:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T08:13:36","slug":"les-adolescents-qui-fument-transmettent-des-genes-endommages-a-leurs-futurs-enfants-selon-une-etude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/fr\/les-adolescents-qui-fument-transmettent-des-genes-endommages-a-leurs-futurs-enfants-selon-une-etude\/","title":{"rendered":"Les adolescents qui fument transmettent des g\u00e8nes endommag\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs futurs enfants : \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg\" class=\"ff-og-image-inserted\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n<p>Fumer chez les femmes enceintes entra\u00eene des complications telles qu&#039;un accouchement pr\u00e9matur\u00e9, un faible poids \u00e0 la naissance et des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 chez leurs enfants. Mais l\u2019habitude de fumer d\u2019un p\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence peut-elle affecter la sant\u00e9 d\u2019un enfant ? Une nouvelle \u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les gar\u00e7ons qui fument au d\u00e9but de l&#039;adolescence risquent de transmettre des g\u00e8nes endommag\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs futurs enfants.<\/p>\n<p>Les conclusions d&#039;une r\u00e9cente <a rel=\"noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13148-023-01540-7\" target=\"_blank\">\u00e9tude<\/a> publi\u00e9s dans la revue Clinical Epigenetics sugg\u00e8rent que les effets du tabagisme peuvent durer des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. De plus, cela laisse entendre que fumer \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence provoque des modifications de l\u2019ADN des spermatozo\u00efdes, ce qui entra\u00eene ensuite des alt\u00e9rations de l\u2019ADN de leurs futurs b\u00e9b\u00e9s, augmentant ainsi le risque de d\u00e9velopper de l\u2019asthme et de l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duisant la fonction pulmonaire.<\/p>\n<p>L&#039;\u00e9quipe de recherche a \u00e9valu\u00e9 les profils \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques (les modifications de l&#039;ADN) de 875 participants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 7 \u00e0 50 ans et les <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaldaily.com\/world-no-tobacco-day-12-ways-cigarette-smoking-affects-your-health-469958\">fumeur<\/a> habitudes de leurs p\u00e8res. Les modifications de l&#039;ADN associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#039;asthme, \u00e0 l&#039;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la respiration sifflante \u00e9taient plus prononc\u00e9es chez les participants dont le p\u00e8re avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fumer avant l&#039;\u00e2ge de 15 ans.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Les changements dans les marqueurs \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques \u00e9taient beaucoup plus prononc\u00e9s chez les enfants dont le p\u00e8re avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fumer pendant la pubert\u00e9 que chez ceux dont le p\u00e8re avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fumer \u00e0 un moment quelconque avant la conception&quot;, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Negusse Kitaba, co-auteur principal de l&#039;\u00e9tude. <a rel=\"noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/999962\" target=\"_blank\">communiqu\u00e9 de presse<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La pubert\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce peut repr\u00e9senter une fen\u00eatre critique de changements physiologiques chez les gar\u00e7ons. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que s\u2019\u00e9tablissent les cellules souches qui produiront des spermatozo\u00efdes pour le reste de leur vie \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Kitaba.<\/p>\n<p>Les chercheurs ont examin\u00e9 comment les p\u00e8res fumaient avant d&#039;avoir des enfants et les ont compar\u00e9s aux participants qui fumaient eux-m\u00eames, ainsi qu&#039;aux m\u00e8res qui fumaient avant de devenir enceintes.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Fait int\u00e9ressant, nous avons constat\u00e9 que 16 des 19 marqueurs associ\u00e9s au tabagisme des p\u00e8res \u00e0 l&#039;adolescence n&#039;avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 auparavant li\u00e9s au tabagisme maternel ou personnel. Cela sugg\u00e8re que ces nouveaux biomarqueurs de m\u00e9thylation pourraient \u00eatre uniques aux enfants dont les p\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s au tabagisme au d\u00e9but de la pubert\u00e9 \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Gerd Toril M\u00f8rkve Knudsen, un autre co-auteur principal de l&#039;\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n<p>Selon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/247104#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Julien Laubenthal<\/a>, co-auteur de l&#039;\u00e9tude, les hommes devraient arr\u00eater de fumer bien avant d&#039;essayer de concevoir, car un spermatozo\u00efde fertile met environ trois mois \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude sugg\u00e8re que n\u00e9gliger aujourd\u2019hui la lutte contre les expositions nocives chez les jeunes adolescents pourrait nuire \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 respiratoire des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.<\/p>\n<p>Publi\u00e9 par Medicaldaily.com<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaldaily.com\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-damaged-genes-future-offsprings-study-470731\">Source quotidienne m\u00e9dicale<\/a><\/p>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg\" class=\"ff-og-image-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p>Fumer chez les femmes enceintes entra\u00eene des complications telles qu&#039;un accouchement pr\u00e9matur\u00e9, un faible poids \u00e0 la naissance et des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 chez leurs enfants. Mais l\u2019habitude de fumer d\u2019un p\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence peut-elle affecter la sant\u00e9 d\u2019un enfant ? Une nouvelle \u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les gar\u00e7ons qui fument au d\u00e9but de l&#039;adolescence risquent de transmettre des g\u00e8nes endommag\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs futurs enfants.<\/p>\n<p>Les conclusions d&#039;une r\u00e9cente <a rel=\"noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13148-023-01540-7\" target=\"_blank\">\u00e9tude<\/a> publi\u00e9s dans la revue Clinical Epigenetics sugg\u00e8rent que les effets du tabagisme peuvent durer des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. De plus, cela laisse entendre que fumer \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence provoque des modifications de l\u2019ADN des spermatozo\u00efdes, ce qui entra\u00eene ensuite des alt\u00e9rations de l\u2019ADN de leurs futurs b\u00e9b\u00e9s, augmentant ainsi le risque de d\u00e9velopper de l\u2019asthme et de l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duisant la fonction pulmonaire.<\/p>\n<p>L&#039;\u00e9quipe de recherche a \u00e9valu\u00e9 les profils \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques (les modifications de l&#039;ADN) de 875 participants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 7 \u00e0 50 ans et les <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaldaily.com\/world-no-tobacco-day-12-ways-cigarette-smoking-affects-your-health-469958\">fumeur<\/a> habitudes de leurs p\u00e8res. Les modifications de l&#039;ADN associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#039;asthme, \u00e0 l&#039;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la respiration sifflante \u00e9taient plus prononc\u00e9es chez les participants dont le p\u00e8re avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fumer avant l&#039;\u00e2ge de 15 ans.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Les changements dans les marqueurs \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques \u00e9taient beaucoup plus prononc\u00e9s chez les enfants dont le p\u00e8re avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fumer pendant la pubert\u00e9 que chez ceux dont le p\u00e8re avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fumer \u00e0 un moment quelconque avant la conception&quot;, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Negusse Kitaba, co-auteur principal de l&#039;\u00e9tude. <a rel=\"noopener nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/999962\" target=\"_blank\">communiqu\u00e9 de presse<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La pubert\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce peut repr\u00e9senter une fen\u00eatre critique de changements physiologiques chez les gar\u00e7ons. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que s\u2019\u00e9tablissent les cellules souches qui produiront des spermatozo\u00efdes pour le reste de leur vie \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Kitaba.<\/p>\n<p>Les chercheurs ont examin\u00e9 comment les p\u00e8res fumaient avant d&#039;avoir des enfants et les ont compar\u00e9s aux participants qui fumaient eux-m\u00eames, ainsi qu&#039;aux m\u00e8res qui fumaient avant de devenir enceintes.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Fait int\u00e9ressant, nous avons constat\u00e9 que 16 des 19 marqueurs associ\u00e9s au tabagisme des p\u00e8res \u00e0 l&#039;adolescence n&#039;avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 auparavant li\u00e9s au tabagisme maternel ou personnel. Cela sugg\u00e8re que ces nouveaux biomarqueurs de m\u00e9thylation pourraient \u00eatre uniques aux enfants dont les p\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9s au tabagisme au d\u00e9but de la pubert\u00e9 \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Gerd Toril M\u00f8rkve Knudsen, un autre co-auteur principal de l&#039;\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n<p>Selon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/247104#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Julien Laubenthal<\/a>, co-auteur de l&#039;\u00e9tude, les hommes devraient arr\u00eater de fumer bien avant d&#039;essayer de concevoir, car un spermatozo\u00efde fertile met environ trois mois \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude sugg\u00e8re que n\u00e9gliger aujourd\u2019hui la lutte contre les expositions nocives chez les jeunes adolescents pourrait nuire \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 respiratoire des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.<\/p>\n<p>Publi\u00e9 par Medicaldaily.com<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Teen Boys Who Smoke Pass On Damaged Genes To Future Offsprings: Study - Urban Care Clinic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/fr\/les-adolescents-qui-fument-transmettent-des-genes-endommages-a-leurs-futurs-enfants-selon-une-etude\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Teen Boys Who Smoke Pass On Damaged Genes To Future Offsprings: Study - Urban Care Clinic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Smoking in expectant mothers causes complications such as preterm delivery, low birth weight and health issues in their children. But can a father&#039;s smoking habit during teenage years affect the health of a child? A new study has found that boys who smoke in their early teens risk passing damaged genes to their future kids.Findings of a recent study published in the journal Clinical Epigenetics suggest that the effect of smoking can last for generations. Moreover, it hints that smoking in the teenage years causes DNA changes in the sperm which then results in alterations in the DNA of their future babies, elevating the risk of developing asthma and obesity and reducing lung function.The research team evaluated the epigenetic profiles (the DNA changes) of 875 participants between the ages of 7 and 50 and the smoking habits of their fathers. The DNA changes associated with asthma, obesity and wheezing were seen to be more pronounced in those participants whose fathers started smoking before the age of 15.&quot;Changes in epigenetic markers were much more pronounced in children whose fathers started smoking during puberty than those whose fathers had started smoking at any time before conception,&quot; Negusse Kitaba, co-lead author of the study, said in a news release.&quot;Early puberty may represent a critical window of physiological changes in boys. This is when the stem cells are being established which will make sperm for the rest of their lives,&quot; Kitaba explained.The researchers examined how fathers smoked before having children and compared them to participants who smoked themselves, as well as to mothers who smoked before becoming pregnant.&quot;Interestingly, we found that 16 of the 19 markers associated with fathers&#039; teenage smoking had not previously been linked to maternal or personal smoking. This suggests these new methylation biomarkers may be unique to children whose fathers have been exposed to smoking in early puberty,&quot; Gerd Toril M\u00f8rkve Knudsen, another co-lead author of the study, said.According to Julian Laubenthal, a co-author of the study, men should quit the habit of smoking well in advance of trying to conceive as a fertile sperm cell takes around three months to develop.The study suggests that neglecting to address harmful exposures in young teenagers today may adversely affect the respiratory health of future generations.Published by Medicaldaily.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/fr\/les-adolescents-qui-fument-transmettent-des-genes-endommages-a-leurs-futurs-enfants-selon-une-etude\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Urban Care Clinic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/urbancarezanzibar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-31T08:13:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Urban Care Clinic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Urban Care Clinic\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Urban Care Clinic\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/#\/schema\/person\/f286c4d84be896d302aceda3ed7e789c\"},\"headline\":\"Teen Boys Who Smoke Pass On Damaged Genes To Future Offsprings: Study\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-31T08:13:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/\"},\"wordCount\":396,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Medical Daily\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/\",\"name\":\"Teen Boys Who Smoke Pass On Damaged Genes To Future Offsprings: Study - 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Urban Care Clinic","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/fr\/les-adolescents-qui-fument-transmettent-des-genes-endommages-a-leurs-futurs-enfants-selon-une-etude\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Teen Boys Who Smoke Pass On Damaged Genes To Future Offsprings: Study - Urban Care Clinic","og_description":"Smoking in expectant mothers causes complications such as preterm delivery, low birth weight and health issues in their children. But can a father's smoking habit during teenage years affect the health of a child? A new study has found that boys who smoke in their early teens risk passing damaged genes to their future kids.Findings of a recent study published in the journal Clinical Epigenetics suggest that the effect of smoking can last for generations. Moreover, it hints that smoking in the teenage years causes DNA changes in the sperm which then results in alterations in the DNA of their future babies, elevating the risk of developing asthma and obesity and reducing lung function.The research team evaluated the epigenetic profiles (the DNA changes) of 875 participants between the ages of 7 and 50 and the smoking habits of their fathers. The DNA changes associated with asthma, obesity and wheezing were seen to be more pronounced in those participants whose fathers started smoking before the age of 15.\"Changes in epigenetic markers were much more pronounced in children whose fathers started smoking during puberty than those whose fathers had started smoking at any time before conception,\" Negusse Kitaba, co-lead author of the study, said in a news release.\"Early puberty may represent a critical window of physiological changes in boys. This is when the stem cells are being established which will make sperm for the rest of their lives,\" Kitaba explained.The researchers examined how fathers smoked before having children and compared them to participants who smoked themselves, as well as to mothers who smoked before becoming pregnant.\"Interestingly, we found that 16 of the 19 markers associated with fathers' teenage smoking had not previously been linked to maternal or personal smoking. This suggests these new methylation biomarkers may be unique to children whose fathers have been exposed to smoking in early puberty,\" Gerd Toril M\u00f8rkve Knudsen, another co-lead author of the study, said.According to Julian Laubenthal, a co-author of the study, men should quit the habit of smoking well in advance of trying to conceive as a fertile sperm cell takes around three months to develop.The study suggests that neglecting to address harmful exposures in young teenagers today may adversely affect the respiratory health of future generations.Published by Medicaldaily.com","og_url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/fr\/les-adolescents-qui-fument-transmettent-des-genes-endommages-a-leurs-futurs-enfants-selon-une-etude\/","og_site_name":"Urban Care Clinic","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/urbancarezanzibar","article_published_time":"2023-08-31T08:13:36+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Urban Care Clinic","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Urban Care Clinic","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/"},"author":{"name":"Urban Care Clinic","@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/#\/schema\/person\/f286c4d84be896d302aceda3ed7e789c"},"headline":"Teen Boys Who Smoke Pass On Damaged Genes To Future Offsprings: Study","datePublished":"2023-08-31T08:13:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/"},"wordCount":396,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study.jpg","articleSection":["Medical Daily"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/","url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/teen-boys-who-smoke-pass-on-damaged-genes-to-future-offsprings-study\/","name":"Les adolescents qui fument transmettent des g\u00e8nes endommag\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs futurs enfants : \u00e9tude - 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