{"id":7557,"date":"2023-02-09T12:57:32","date_gmt":"2023-02-09T09:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/ashkenazi-jews-susceptible-to-rare-genetic-disease-that-protects-them-from-tb-study\/"},"modified":"2023-02-09T12:57:32","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T09:57:32","slug":"etude-sur-les-juifs-ashkenazes-sensibles-a-une-maladie-genetique-rare-qui-les-protege-de-la-tuberculose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/fr\/ashkenazi-jews-susceptible-to-rare-genetic-disease-that-protects-them-from-tb-study\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Juifs ashk\u00e9nazes sensibles \u00e0 une maladie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique rare qui les prot\u00e8ge de la tuberculose : \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ashkenazi-jews-susceptible-to-rare-genetic-disease-that-protects-them-from-tb-study.jpg\" class=\"ff-og-image-inserted\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n<p>Par hasard, des scientifiques ont d\u00e9couvert qu\u2019une maladie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique rare qui touche plus fr\u00e9quemment les Juifs ashk\u00e9nazes les prot\u00e8ge \u00e9galement de la tuberculose.<\/p>\n<p>Dans l&#039;\u00e9tude, publi\u00e9e dans la revue <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2217673120\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">PNAS<\/a>, les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert que la maladie de Gaucher (prononcer go-SHAY), un trouble lysosomal, offre une protection involontaire contre la tuberculose.<\/p>\n<p>Selon une estimation, environ&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2022\/tb-disease-burden\/2-1-tb-incidence\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">10,6 millions de personnes<\/a>&nbsp;partout dans le monde sont tomb\u00e9es malades \u00e0 cause de la tuberculose (TB) et 1,6 million de personnes sont mortes de la maladie en 2021.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, 95% des personnes infect\u00e9es par la bact\u00e9rie tuberculeuse ne tombent pas malades. Le syst\u00e8me immunitaire de ces individus parvient \u00e0 tuer l\u2019agent pathog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<div id=\"dfp-ad-oop2\" class=\"dfp-tag-wrapper\"> <\/div>\n<p>\u00abMes coll\u00e8gues et moi nous int\u00e9ressons \u00e0 ce qui rend certaines personnes sensibles \u00e0 la tuberculose, alors que d&#039;autres semblent prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. Nous utilisons le poisson z\u00e8bre pour \u00e9tudier la maladie, car son syst\u00e8me immunitaire partage de nombreuses similitudes avec celui des humains et il est possible de manipuler ses g\u00e8nes en laboratoire \u00bb, Lalita Ramakrishnan, professeur de microbiologie \u00e0 l&#039;Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge, et Laura Whitworth, laboratoire du groupe. Le directeur du d\u00e9partement de m\u00e9decine de l&#039;Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 ensemble\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/rare-genetic-disease-appears-to-defend-ashkenazi-jews-against-tb\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Alerte scientifique<\/a> signal\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La maladie de Gaucher est une maladie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique rare qui touche de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e les Juifs ashk\u00e9nazes, avec environ&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/gaucher-institute.com\/burden-of-disease\/epidemiology-of-gaucher-disease\/gaucher-disease-in-the-ashkenazi-jewish-population\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">une naissance sur 800<\/a>. Mais la maladie peut toucher n\u2019importe qui. La maladie pr\u00e9sente des sympt\u00f4mes relativement l\u00e9gers, notamment une hypertrophie de la rate et du foie et une an\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n<p>Les enzymes pr\u00e9sentes dans les lysosomes des cellules d\u00e9composent les mati\u00e8res ind\u00e9sirables telles que les prot\u00e9ines et les graisses. La r\u00e9duction de ces enzymes peut entra\u00eener une accumulation de mati\u00e8res toxiques.<\/p>\n<p>Cette accumulation est tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9judiciable au fonctionnement normal des cellules appel\u00e9es macrophages.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Un type de cellule vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 cette accumulation est le macrophage, une cellule qui \u00ab mange \u00bb des mati\u00e8res toxiques, notamment des bact\u00e9ries et des d\u00e9chets. Dans les troubles lysosomal, les macrophages se d\u00e9placent lentement et grossissent car ils accumulent du mat\u00e9riel non dig\u00e9r\u00e9 dans leurs lysosomes, ce qui les rend moins capables de combattre l\u2019infection \u00bb, ont expliqu\u00e9 les auteurs.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque les chercheurs ont g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9 le poisson z\u00e8bre sur le mod\u00e8le de la maladie de Gaucher, ils ont d\u00e9couvert que le poisson devenait \u00ab r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la tuberculose plut\u00f4t que sensible \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La raison de cette r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019infection \u00e9tait due aux substances chimiques grasses qui s\u2019accumulent dans les macrophages lors de la maladie de Gaucher. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert que ce produit chimique gras agit comme un solvant capable de tuer les bact\u00e9ries tuberculeuses en quelques minutes en perturbant leurs parois cellulaires \u00bb, ont expliqu\u00e9 les chercheurs.<\/p>\n<p>Les Juifs ashk\u00e9nazes ont travers\u00e9 des si\u00e8cles de pers\u00e9cution, vivant dans des ghettos et se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant de pays en pays. Depuis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaldaily.com\/woman-tuberculosis-faces-jail-time-ditching-isolation-467998\">tuberculose<\/a> se propage plus rapidement dans les conditions de vie plus pauvres et dans les zones dens\u00e9ment peupl\u00e9es, les Juifs doivent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement expos\u00e9s \u00e0 la tuberculose.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Ces poissons nous ont plong\u00e9s sans le savoir dans un d\u00e9bat en cours sur la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique humaine.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2217673120\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">depuis des d\u00e9cennies<\/a>: les Juifs ashk\u00e9nazes \u2013 dont nous savons qu\u2019ils courent un risque beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de maladie de Gaucher \u2013 sont-ils d\u2019une mani\u00e8re ou d\u2019une autre moins susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre infect\u00e9s par la tuberculose ? La r\u00e9ponse semble \u00eatre oui \u00bb, ont conclu les chercheurs.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaldaily.com\/ashkenazi-jews-susceptible-rare-genetic-disease-protects-them-tb-study-468037?utm_source=Public&#038;utm_medium=Feed&#038;utm_campaign=Distribution\">Source quotidienne m\u00e9dicale<\/a><\/p>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selon une estimation, environ 10,6 millions de personnes dans le monde sont tomb\u00e9es malades \u00e0 cause de la tuberculose (TB) et 1,6 million de personnes en sont mortes en 2021.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7558,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"Default","format":"standard","meta":{"page_builder":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/urbancare.clinic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ashkenazi-jews-susceptible-to-rare-genetic-disease-that-protects-them-from-tb-study.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ashkenazi Jews Susceptible To Rare Genetic Disease That Protects Them From TB: Study - Urban Care Clinic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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